There are many means researched and/or practiced which are intended to reduce deer human conflicts that are showing varying levels of success. Depending on land uses, various methods can be employed such as: exclusionary fencing, chemical repellents, noise repellents, reflectors, other visual repellents, surgical sterilization, immunocontraception and so on. Some of these methods can be effective at least some of the time and to varying degrees. However, there are often limiting factors such as local restrictions placed on landowners in terms of types of fencing or repellents used, overall cost to landowners and labor intensity, etc. Overall, the only method proven to be effective and efficient on a broad landscape scale that is experiencing exorbitantly high deer populations, is lethal deer management. Simply stated, when deer numbers are reduced, so too is the likelihood for conflicts.
